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To assess the roles of GPR
2021-12-28
To assess the roles of GPR120 and GPR40 in malignant properties of pancreatic cancer cells, we generated GPR120 and GPR40 knockdown (PANC-sh120 and PANC-sh40, respectively) alkylation of dna from PANC-1 (Fig. 2A). While no difference of cell growth rate between control PANC-RFP cells and PANC-sh120
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To support maximal growth and metabolic function of major
2021-12-28
To support maximal growth and metabolic function of major organs, glucose and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (2 Tubes, 100X) are essential. We assessed the plasma levels of glucose and amino acids in LBW and NBW piglets at birth and at day 7 postpartum. Blood glucose levels were influenced by birth
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br PEPCK This enzyme decarboxylates and then phosphorylates
2021-12-27
PEPCK This enzyme decarboxylates and then phosphorylates oxaloacetate to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the second step of gluconeogenesis after the carboxylation of pyruvate catalyzed by PC. PEPCK1 (PEPCK-C, encoded by the PCK1 gene) and PEPCK2 (PEPCK-M, encoded by the PCK2 gene) are two isof
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Previous studies have shown that inhibition of voltage gated
2021-12-27
Previous studies have shown that inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ aminopyridine has a reduced effect on GABAergic boutons compared with other neurotransmitter phenotypes,46, 47 and voltage-gated Na+ channel subtypes are differentially expressed in hippocampus. In addition, SV exocytosis evoked by el
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br Drugs approved or in development To date
2021-12-27
Drugs approved or in development To date, three drugs: RAL (MK-0518), EVG (GS-9137) and DTG (GSK1349572) [104], have been approved by the FDA. Their structures are shown in Fig. 5. DTG is under development by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), and studies have shown DTG to be effective in patients with resis
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br Introduction The role of
2021-12-27
Introduction The role of histamine in allergic responses, anaphylaxis, and gastric m6A synthesis secretion has been well described in both human and veterinary medicine. New roles for histamine and its receptors, however, have been elucidated over the last two decades (Smuda and Bryce, 2011), an
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On the other hand the single stranded
2021-12-27
On the other hand, the single-stranded RNA flavivirus hepatitis C virus (HCV), causes type C hepatitis, which often leads to liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its genome of about 9.6kb encodes the structural proteins C, E1, E2, and the nonstructural proteins NS2, NS3, NS
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The physiological role of lactate induced antilipolytic
2021-12-27
The physiological role of lactate-induced antilipolytic effects is less clear. It has been speculated that GPR81 mediates the inhibition of lipolysis during intensive exercise, a condition which results in high systemic lactate plasma concentrations 9, 10. Owing to oxygen shortage resulting from int
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A linker length of and atoms
2021-12-27
A linker length of 4 and 5 atoms was found to be optimal ( and ) compared to the only weakly active compounds with longer linkers ( and ) or the inactive compounds with shorter linker chains (–). In a next step incorporation of hetero-atoms in the linker was explored (). An amide linker as in and d
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br Results and discussion br Conclusions br Introduction The
2021-12-27
Results and discussion Conclusions Introduction There is no effective treatment for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) which affects about half of the over 36 million people infected (Saylor et al., 2016). HIV can remain in the Bromoenol lactone during combination antiretroviral
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br Acknowledgements This work was supported by the grants fr
2021-12-27
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the grants from National key Basic Research Program of China (2012CB124702), 948 Program (2015-Z33), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172093, 31301947), the National Science Foundation for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (J1103510), S
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Activation of Akt signaling is common in nearly all of
2021-12-27
Activation of Akt signaling is common in nearly all of the human malignancies (Altomare & Testa, 2005). It has been reported that microRNA-200c targets Akt signaling pathway to inhibit cell apoptosis of pituitary adenoma (Liao et al., 2014). In addition, Akt signaling pathway regulates the expressio
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Introduction The West syndrome or epilepsy
2021-12-27
Introduction The West syndrome or epilepsy with epileptic spasms (ES) is an epileptic encephalopathy in early infancy with probable seizure-related developmental regression. According to the United Kingdom Infantile Spams Study (UKISS), common causes of infantile spasms include hypoxic-ischemic enc
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ppy synthesis Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition
2021-12-27
Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of the hepatic glucagon pathway has invariably been shown to increase pancreatic α cell mass. This has been observed in glucagon receptor (GCGR) knockout (Gcgr−/−) mice (Gelling et al., 2003), glucagon knockout mice (Hayashi et al., 2009), prohormone co
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How do myofibroblast sources compare between bone
2021-12-27
How do myofibroblast sources compare between bone marrow and other organs? Perivascular Serdemetan mg with MSC properties significantly contribute to fibrosis in muscle, fat, skin, heart, kidney, lung, and liver (reviewed in Iwayama et al., 2015) and activate Gli1 in many of these organs (Kramann e
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