• To further investigate the molecular mechanisms that underli

  2021-12-23

  

  To further investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie glycine's β-cell protective effects through its antioxidative activity in diabetes, we used a H2O2/high glucose-induced apoptosis cell model. Similar effects on ROS generation of high glucose and H2O2 support the in vivo results, suggesti

• Fumagillin Bergmann glia cells BGCs are the most

  2021-12-23

  

  Bergmann glia Fumagillin (BGCs) are the most abundant glia cells in the cerebellum, comprising more than 90% of the cerebellar glia. These cells span the entire cerebellar molecular layer and encapsulate neuronal somata, dendrites and axons. BGC are involved in neurotransmitter uptake, K+ homeostas

• br Acknowledgment br Introduction Positive and negative rein

  2021-12-23

  

  Acknowledgment Introduction Positive and negative reinforcement are known as the two pivotal components in various models of drug dependence. Compulsive drug seeking behavior results from both the euphoric effects of drug use (positive reinforcement) and the unpleasant withdrawal signs followi

• gpr120 agonist Increasing evidence has shown that

  2021-12-23

  

  Increasing evidence has shown that blockade of glutamate uptake leads to aberrant behavioral consequences. For example, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection or microinjection of the GLT-1 inhibitor, dihydrokainic gpr120 agonist (DHK), into the prefrontal cortex induces anhedonia [8,9]. Microin

• Accordingly a bioassay guided approach was been used to stud

  2021-12-23

  

  Accordingly, a bioassay-guided approach was been used to study the bioactive compounds in VAS contribute to the α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activity. The 95% ethanol extraction of VAS was successively partitioned with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Ethyl acetate fraction

• The patterns of Fig Fig

  2021-12-23

  

  The patterns of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 emerge at the multicellular level; their dynamics can only be understood by integrating different magnitudes and feedback loops in networks incorporating the coupling between biochemical and bioelectrical signals (see Fig. 6, Fig. 8). Interestingly, this might also be

• br Concluding remarks In this small material

  2021-12-23

  

  Concluding remarks In this small material of thirteen pituitary tumors of various kinds, we could not run statistical analysis. However, with a follow-up period of up to five years, we show that Disclosure Statement Acknowledgments Introduction Galanin is a 29/30-residue neuropeptide fo

• Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple ci

  2021-12-22

  

  Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple circuits to control various behaviors. In Drosophila photoreceptor, histamine is produced de novo by histidine decarboxylase (Burg et al., 1993); meanwhile, maintaining normal histamine content also depends on the histamine recycling pathway

• Nazar and colleagues reported a normal HER gene number

  2021-12-22

  

  Nazar and colleagues reported a normal HER2 gene number in 13 primary and 2 recurrent ethmoid sinus adenocarcinomas, without any histological and immunohistochemical characterization, so a comparison with the present findings is impossible [14]. More recently, 552 head and neck carcinomas have been

• br Financial support This study was supported

  2021-12-22

  

  Financial support This study was supported by Grant PH-102-PP-11, PH-103-PP-11 from the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan. Conflict of interest Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details. Authors’ contributions Acknowledgements Introduction

• It is difficult however to assure that observed alterations

  2021-12-22

  

  It is difficult, however, to assure that observed alterations of pro-oxidant/antioxidant levels within the studied organisms are related directly to heavy metal pollution, rather than to other accompanying environmental stressors. Environmental factors like oxygen partial pressure, temperature, sali

• br AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS br ACKNOWLEDGMENTS br

  2021-12-22

  

  AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Introduction Chronic neuropathic pain is a common symptom in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is an HIV-1 protein that can cause pain behaviors in animal models (Hao, 2013, Nasirinezhad et al., 2015,

• Being a facultative intracellular pathogen C

  2021-12-22

  

  Being a facultative intracellular pathogen, C. pseudotuberculosis is exposed to oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) reactive environment within macrophages (Nathan and Shiloh, 2000), apart from species endogenously generated by metabolic processes. These molecules interact with D

• The discovery that GLUT in the

  2021-12-22

  

  The discovery that GLUT1 in the microvasculature represents an important target of VEGF thereby affecting spleen tyrosine kinase function is highly relevant. The work of Jais et al. identified VEGF as a determining player in the regulation of cognitive performance and provides an important link to

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion br

  2021-12-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgments Introduction As we move into an aging society, there has been a growing interest in neurological disorders [1]. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cause cognitive malfunction

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