• br Acknowledgements We thank the National Natural Science

  2023-08-07

  

  Acknowledgements We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41576156), Shandong Province Science and Technology Development Plan (2015GSF121045), Yantai Science and Technology Development Plan (2015ZH078), and the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean (No

• Kim et al found that hydroxydopamine OHDA promoted the atrop

  2023-08-04

  

  Kim et al. (2013) found that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) promoted the atrophy of dopaminergic neurons associated with the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), the translocation of apoptosis inductor factor (AIF) and the depletion of ATP. An increase in p-AMPK and pS6K (upstream kinase o

• The relationship between AG and tau deposition

  2023-08-04

  

  The relationship between AG and tau deposition in the presence of Aβ burden warrants more research in AD and in other primary tauopathies (not associated with accumulation of Aβ plaques). Our findings highlight the importance of measuring AG, as this relationship was not evident for total 87 59 use

• Aldose reductase ALR EC the first enzyme in the

  2023-08-04

  

  Aldose reductase (ALR2, EC1.1.1.21), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is a monomeric oxidoreductase that catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds, especially glucose. In this metabolism pathway, glucose is firstly reduced to sorbitol catalyzed by ALR2 wi

• Extracellular adenosine acts as a

  2023-08-04

  

  Extracellular adenosine acts as a local modulator of cell function via four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1Rs A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) that are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes [31]. Each is encoded by a separate gene and has different functions, although with some ove

• It has been recognized for decades

  2023-08-03

  

  It has been recognized for decades that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system may release both a fast-acting, typically amino acid derived neurotransmitter such as glutamate or GABA, and a second peptidergic neuromodulatory molecule such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, or cholecystokinin.

• In fact serotonin is a

  2023-08-03

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• br ATX LPA pathway in animal models of

  2023-08-03

  

  ATX–LPA pathway in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis Several animal models have been used to characterize the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and to test new therapeutic strategies. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model (Courtenay et al., 1980, Luross and Williams, 2

• br The complementary role of chaperone mediated autophagy Ch

  2023-08-03

  

  The complementary role of chaperone mediated autophagy Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) mediates the degradation of specific cellular proteins and participates in the regulation of lipid metabolism, DNA repair, or the response to stress (Kaushik and Cuervo, 2018). CMA provides an alternative pa

• In addition to pH regulation by ion

  2023-08-03

  

  In addition to pH regulation by ion (counter-) fluxes, acidification is regulated by the abundance of V-ATPase on organelles, by the pumping activity of the complex and by proton leakage. In yeast, the V-ATPase VO subunit a is the only subunit expressed in two isoforms termed Stv1p and Vph1p. V-ATPa

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2023-08-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Human MutL-family complexes (MutLα: MLH1-PMS2, MutLβ:MLH1-PMS1, MutLγ:MLH1-MLH3) exhibit multiple molecular activities including DNA binding, DNA cleavage, ATP binding and hydrolysis [43]. In our recent study, we have uncovered an important function

• We also showed that steatosis

  2023-08-03

  

  We also showed that steatosis induced an additional increase of ASK1 activation that was associated to the exacerbation of hepatocyte and liver damage and was unrelated to ER stress. Indeed, several settings, also different to ER stress, can induce ASK1 activation and many of them involve oxidative

• Ro 48-8071 br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Arginase

  2023-08-03

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Arginase catalyzes the reaction in which l-arginine is converted to l-ornithine and urea. In humans, two arginase isoenzymes have been identified, arginase 1 and arginase 2, that differ in cellular location and tissue distribution [1]. Both arginase enzymes a

• A key function of the reference AFST would

  2023-08-03

  

  A key function of the reference AFST would be to detect fungal resistance, i.e. to determine which antifungal agents are likely to be clinically inactive [2]. To this end, the epidemiological cut-off value, defined as ‘the upper end of the wild-type (WT) or beginning of the non-wild-type (NWT) MIC d

• However in recent years advanced experiments and findings ar

  2023-08-02

  

  However, in recent years advanced experiments and findings are emerging to give us more detailed information on Aβ-membrane interactions. Several reviews have provided background on the fibrillation of Aβ and the Aβ-membrane interactions [[18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]. In this review, we mainly focu

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