• Enolases are among the most

  2020-01-13

  

  Enolases are among the most abundantly expressed cytosolic proteins. They are metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate [18]. Eubacteria and archaebacteria have a single enolase gene (reviewed in [19]). Despite the lack of signal peptides or cognate pro

• Next we compared the protease specificity of viruses NS

  2020-01-13

  

  Next, we compared the protease-specificity of viruses NS116-GFP/AE and NS116-GFP/AT for trypsin, neutrophilic elastase or supernatant of human neutrophils. For later purposes, we determined the viral yield in a co-cultivation system of infected Vero IL-4, murine recombinant with human neutrophils.

• As EBI is highly important for generation of

  2020-01-13

  

  As EBI2 is highly important for generation of an efficient T cell-dependent humoral immune response [[5], [6], [7]] it may be that aberrant expression or other dysregulation of this receptor contributes in B cell pathologies. In line with this, EBI2 expression is down-regulated in diffuse large B-ce

• The modification of proteins with the

  2020-01-13

  

  The modification of proteins with the small 76-amino SNS-314 Mesylate protein ubiquitin (Ub) plays a central role in many key cellular processes. Ubiquitylation of a target protein requires the concerted action of a cascade of three enzymes (Figure 1). The ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) catalyzes

• br Conclusions In this paper we describe the

  2020-01-13

  

  Conclusions In this paper we describe the recombinant expression and characterization of ParI, a C5-DNA-MTase from P. arcticus 273–4. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of an orphan C5-DNA-MTase from a psychrophilic bacterium. The C5-DNA-MTase could not be expressed in regular E

• In the present study it was

  2020-01-13

  

  In the present study, it was found that HepG2, H4IIE and LMH cells were inclined to remove S-metalaxyl and lead to decrease of ERs of metalaxyl, while L8824 cells were inclined to attenuate R-metalaxyl and resulted in an inverse shift of ER. These findings indicate the enantioselective accumulation

• Stressful life events are modulators of mood and

  2020-01-13

  

  Stressful life events are modulators of mood and can trigger a variety of destructive behavior, including drug abuse and relapse in addicts (Association, 2013; Chen et al., 2012; Sinha, 2009). Likewise, drug-associated stimuli evoke a negative affective state in abstinent drug users. Compelling evid

• br STAR Methods br Author

  2020-01-11

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer

• UBA belongs to the non canonical E enzymes that

  2020-01-11

  

  UBA5 belongs to the non-canonical E1 enzymes that lack a defined Cys domain but have the active-site Cys within the adenylation domain [24]. Similar to other E1 enzymes, UBA5\'s adenylation domain comprises an eight-stranded beta sheet that is surrounded by helices [21]. Moreover, like the ancestral

• Pentylenetetrazole The UPP broadly involves proteolysis in b

  2020-01-11

  

  The UPP broadly involves proteolysis in biochemical processes and is a potential target for cancer therapy. The UPP degrades unfolding or damaged proteins by an ATP-dependent mechanism (Ciechanover, Elias, Heller, Ferber, & Hershko, 1980). It also plays an important role in Pentylenetetrazole regula

• Despite the sources of error discussed above several trends

  2020-01-11

  

  Despite the sources of error discussed above, several trends have emerged and much valuable data are available regarding binding affinities of progestogens for different steroid receptors. All the progestogens bind to the PR with a high affinity, typically in the nanomolar range. For example the syn

• We hypothesize that both IGF

  2020-01-11

  

  We hypothesize that both IGF-1-dependent kinase activation and locally synthesized neuroestrogens interactively regulate estrogen receptor activity in neuronal gyy in the absence of exogenously applied estradiol. The Neuro-2A cell line was chosen as the model system for these studies because IGF-1-

• calcein am br Epac in cardiovascular pathophysiology Epac or

  2020-01-11

  

  Epac in cardiovascular pathophysiology Epac orchestrates signaling actors that regulate fundamental cellular functions and general biological effects. However, some important gaps still remain in the knowledge of the physiopathological role of Epac in the heart. So far, Epac has been implicated i

• To develop novel EPAC inhibitors Zhou and co workers optimiz

  2020-01-11

  

  To develop novel EPAC inhibitors, Zhou and co-workers optimized the HTS hit as the chemical lead. After modifications of the substituents on the phenyl ring or C6-position of compound , compound () was identified to be the more potent compound in this series with an IC value of 4.0µM (EPAC2). Dock

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank Genevi ve

  2020-01-11

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank Geneviève Almouzni, Sophie Polo, Ralph Scully, Wael Mansour, and Jeremy Stark for providing cell lines and Wolf Heyer, Haico van Attikum, Martijn Luijsterburg, and Brendan Price for helpful discussions. We thank Ratna Weimer, Bettina Basso, Christel Braun,

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