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The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients undergoing chemothe
2021-11-12
The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can be mimicked in the laboratory by culturing cancer K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 synthesis in the presence of chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby enforcing the evolution of acquired drug resistance. This has been described in multiple model
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Based upon the present findings it is tempting to
2021-11-12
Based upon the present findings, it is tempting to imagine that selective, and especially stable blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetrating GalR1 antagonists might be useful as drugs for acute suppression of appetite. While this may be possible, previous studies using nonspecific galanin antagonists yie
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As mentioned earlier two different isoforms of TFE have been
2021-11-12
As mentioned earlier two different isoforms of TFE3 [16] have been reported viz. the full length (TFE3L) and smaller (TFE3S) without exon 1&2. TFE3S lacks an N-terminal acidic activation domain which is present in TFE3L hence is a dominant negative form of TFE3L [51]. This dominant negative feature
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The effects of FFAR and FFAR
2021-11-12
The effects of FFAR1 and FFAR2 activation in different tissues have been reported in several species (Hara et al., 2014). Herein, we report the first evidence for differential expression of FFAR1 and FFAR2 during the peripartal period in the liver of dairy cows that differ in liver metabolism, based
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br Acknowledgments We apologize for the omission of
2021-11-12
Acknowledgments We apologize for the omission of primary citations owing to space limitations. This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (81772801 and 81472455 to C.D.), the Key Program of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LZ17H160002 to C.D
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br PEPCK This enzyme decarboxylates and then phosphorylates
2021-11-12
PEPCK This enzyme decarboxylates and then phosphorylates oxaloacetate to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the second step of gluconeogenesis after the carboxylation of pyruvate catalyzed by PC. PEPCK1 (PEPCK-C, encoded by the PCK1 gene) and PEPCK2 (PEPCK-M, encoded by the PCK2 gene) are two isof
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br Materials and methods br
2021-11-12
Materials and methods Results Discussion Protein degradation plays a vital role in nearly all cellular processes, nearly 5% of genes are dedicated to the control of protein stability [31], [32]. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents the major way for degradation of proteins, wher
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MicroRNAs miRNAs are endogenous small RNA molecules nucleoti
2021-11-12
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNA molecules 20–25 nucleotides in length; they regulate multiple genes by binding to target mRNAs, thereby controlling the stability and translation of protein coding mRNAs (Esteller, 2011, Guo et al., 2010). It has been established that jlk of the innate an
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The possibility of having false positives even if
2021-11-12
The possibility of having false positives, even if minimized, is always present and requires that a reactive result should be followed by a confirmation test. Traditionally, Western blot (WB) has been used, but various types of immunoblotting that use recombinant Tunicamycin or synthetic peptides ar
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br Introduction Hexokinase HK is an enzyme that catalyses th
2021-11-12
Introduction Hexokinase (HK) is an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of phosphate from ATP to glucose in the first step of glucose metabolism (Wilson, 1995, Wilson, 2003). In mammalian, HK has four important isozymes which are designated as HK1, HK2, HK3 and HK4 (Wilson, 1995, Wilson, 2003). HK1
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Most studies of HIF have focused on its transcriptional
2021-11-12
Most studies of HIF-1α have focused on its transcriptional activity-dependent functions. However, our results indicate that the oxidative stress-related effects of mtHIF-1α occur independently of its translocation to the nucleus and do not require its transcriptional activity. In fact, several studi
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There might be a hedgehog dilemma in a
2021-11-12
There might be a hedgehog dilemma in a broad class of games, but this paper focuses on the case where players only care about : the distance between their attitudes. Here we generalize the main example of a quadratic loss function. So, player ’s payoff is higher when the distance is closer to ’s
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Activation of sGC induces the generation
2021-11-12
Activation of sGC induces the generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), phosphorylation of protein kinase G (PKG) and changes in activity of effector proteins such as phosphodiesterases (PDE), ion channels and ion pumps [43]. This pathway eventually leads to dilation of 4945 (bronchodila
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Therefore we investigated the acute and delayed response of
2021-11-11
Therefore, we investigated the acute and delayed response of 92 human mono- and dizygous twins to an acute shift from low fat to high fat diet with respect to serum levels of VEGF and the expression of SLC2A1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT). By comparing the degree of concordance of basal and di
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6,7-dihydroxy Bergamottin br Introduction Glucagon is a pept
2021-11-11
Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone that acts to increase blood glucose levels. The secretion of glucagon from the alpha 6,7-dihydroxy Bergamottin of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is increased during fasting and prevents hypoglycemia. Glucagon increases glycogenolysis and gluco
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