• Initially studies of GPCRs predominantly assessed

  2019-10-17

  

  Initially, studies of GPCRs predominantly assessed the signalling pathways downstream of receptors on the cell surface. There is now an understanding that GPCRs can localize to and signal from various intracellular compartments, such as the nucleus (reviewed in [40]). These intracellular pools of re

• br Discussion br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgment br

  2019-10-16

  

  Discussion Conflicts of interest Acknowledgment Introduction Ewing\'s sarcoma (EWS) is a bone cancer arising mostly in children. In 1921, EWS was originally described as “diffuse endothelioma of bone” by Dr. James R. Ewing, an American pathologist [1]. In 1992, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint r

• In conclusion our study has demonstrated that PGE stimulates

  2019-10-16

  

  In conclusion, our study has demonstrated that PGE2 stimulates expression of survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Although there are 4 subtypes of EP receptors, the EP1 receptor appears to be the predominant receptor that regulates PGE2-induced expression of survivin, mainly through trans-act

• Mulan is one of three E ubiquitin ligases that

  2019-10-16

  

  Mulan is one of three E3 ubiquitin ligases that are present in the mitochondria along with MARCH5/MITOL (membrane associated RING-CH5) and RNF185 [14], [15], [16], [17]. Mulan is a 352-residue polypeptide that crosses the mitochondrial outer membrane (OMM) twice, its amino-terminus, which includes t

• The presence of H PPases in parasitic protists raises

  2019-10-16

  

  The presence of H+-PPases in parasitic protists raises the question of the physiological role of these proteins. So far, they had been extensively characterized mainly in higher plants, and some prokaryotes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [16], [20]. A common feature to all these organisms is tha

• In the present study the expression of

  2019-10-16

  

  In the present study, the ASP1517 of the CYP2C11 gene and the levels of its protein and activity were decreased in rats with liver insufficiency and in rats after induced dysfunction of the serotonergic system during normal liver function. Moreover, serotonergic system dysfunction during liver insuf

• Studies of nuclear transplantation of diploid imprint

  2019-10-16

  

  Studies of nuclear transplantation of diploid imprint-free PGCs have shown that the reconstituted oocytes developed to day 9.5 of gestation, with severely retarded embryos and abnormal placentae (Kato et al., 1999). We also reported that MII oocyte injection of imprint-free phESCs without imprinted

• br Results br Discussion Here we establish a key kinase

  2019-10-15

  

  Results Discussion Here we establish a key kinase cascade that acts at PCs to promote homolog pairing and synapsis. CHK-2 phosphorylates the zinc finger proteins that specify PCs, which, in turn, primes their recruitment of PLK-2 (Figure 7D). By recruiting these two kinases, PCs serve as signa

• Kinetic isotope effects KIEs inform on bond vibrational chan

  2019-10-15

  

  Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) inform on bond vibrational changes between the ground state (GS) and TS of a chemical reaction and remain one of the most powerful experimental techniques for interrogating TS structure. KIEs on enzyme reactions measured by the internal PF-3758309 pathway of labeled s

• Though the physiological roles of microglia derived elastase

  2019-10-15

  

  Though the physiological roles of microglia-derived elastases in the CNS are not well understood, their involvement in the metabolism of cholecystokinin [41] and in the processing of plasminogen to produce a low molecular weight plasminogen that enhances neurite outgrowth has been reported [38]. Exp

• br Introduction The ubiquitination status of a target protei

  2019-10-15

  

  Introduction The ubiquitination status of a target protein is achieved via a delicate balance between two opposing forces: ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs. It has been postulated that the majority of proteins in a cell are regulated and modified by ubiquitin at some point (Hershko and Ciechanover,

• To understand more clearly how these activities

  2019-10-15

  

  To understand more clearly how these activities are combined in the heterotrimeric enzyme and to understand more clearly how DNA alkylation might effect DNA helicase activity, we summarize the relevant features of the structure of RecBCD determined in the presence of DNA. The RecB and RecC subunits

• Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids perform their biologic

  2019-10-15

  

  Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids perform their biological action in the organism through receptor-dependent mechanisms (e.g., by binding to the glucocorticoid receptors). It has been determined that glucocorticoid receptors cross-talk with other nuclear receptors, including AhR (Celander et al.

• Deregulated Wnt signaling either due to pathway mutations or

  2019-10-15

  

  Deregulated Wnt signaling, either due to pathway mutations or otherwise aberrant pathway activity, is common in CLL [81], [82]. In addition to targets described above, alvocidib also inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-β at higher nanomolar concentrations [37]. Despite intuition and experimen

• Phylogenetic analysis indicates that in poikilothermic verte

  2019-10-15

  

  Phylogenetic analysis indicates that in poikilothermic vertebrates CXCR3a and CXCR3b have evolved independently from a common gene possibly after the 2nd round whole genome duplication but before the split of bony fish and tetrapods (Fig. 1 and Supplementary file 3). Owing to the extra round of whol

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