• We aim to evaluate the AK

  2023-10-30

  

  We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine signaling in the retina. It was reported that the degree of tachykinin receptor injury directly depends on expression levels of AK and the resulting extracellular levels of adenosine (Boison, 2006). Indeed, transgenic mice overexpressing AK are high

• AT signaling is distinct to

  2023-10-30

  

  AT2 signaling is distinct to that of AT1 (Kaschina and Unger, 2003). As shown here, opposite to the stimulating effect of AT1 signaling, it inhibits apelin secretion. Activation of AT2 receptor, which is also G-protein coupled, is known to decrease cAMP and cGMP levels by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase

• Apelin is a bioactive peptide and endogenous ligand

  2023-10-30

  

  Apelin is a bioactive peptide and endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor (APLNR), a member of the G protein coupled receptor family that shares a similar sequence as the angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1) [5]. Early studies demonstrated that the apelin/APLNR receptor axis plays a significant role in

• In order to further explore

  2023-10-30

  

  In order to further explore whether the cytoprotective effect of isogarcinol against oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HepG2 fluvastatin is a consequence of the breakdown of the endogenous antioxidant defence mechanism, we measured the LDH release, MDA levels, GSH levels and SOD activity. A large bo

• Aerobic exercise plays an important role in the

  2023-10-27

  

  Aerobic exercise plays an important role in the regulation of mibefradil metabolism in the skeletal muscle. It is also associated with increases in AMPK and GLUT4 levels, resulting in the improvement of the glucose uptake signaling pathway [17,18]. Recently, it has been shown that exercise markedly

• br Experimental section br Introduction NMDA receptor induce

  2023-10-27

  

  Experimental section Introduction NMDA receptor-induced increases in AMPAR trafficking to the synaptic surface mediates changes in synaptic efficacy in a number of Imiloxan hydrochloride regions (Shi et al., 1999, Sun et al., 2005, Frenkel et al., 2006). While this process has been linked to

• AAT enzyme activity was readily detected in crude

  2023-10-27

  

  AAT enzyme activity was readily detected in crude cell-free extracts obtained from berry tissues of all accessions but displayed different substrate selectivities (Fig. 2). Cell-free extracts derived from ‘Muscat Hamburg’ berries showed the highest AAT activity with all alcoholic substrates tested,

• br Conclusions br Introduction During numerous physiological

  2023-10-27

  

  Conclusions Introduction During numerous physiological processes, aldehydes are generated from a variety of endogenous and exogenous precursors including amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids [1]. Most aldehydes are highly reactive and cytotoxic due to the strong electrophilic nature of the t

• It is well known that the thymus plays an important

  2023-10-27

  

  It is well known that the thymus plays an important function in the complex pathogenesis and perpetuation of MG. We compared resistin levels between patients with MG with or without thymoma and found that those with thymoma had higher levels than those without thymoma. It has been previously recogni

• The obtained results indicate that even when the impairment

  2023-10-27

  

  The obtained results indicate that even when the impairment of the same forms of memory are present, amnesia can develop in different ways. Impairment of memory reconsolidation in the conditioned food aversion model through both the serotonin receptor antagonist and the antagonist of NMDA glutamate

• For the NSCLC patients with

  2023-10-27

  

  For the NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations, EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib and erlotinib) are effective clinical therapies [21], [22]. However, approximately 10% of patients harboring EGFR-sensitizing mutations exhibit intrinsic resistance, and up to 40% do not attain a major response to treatment

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements This work was fu

  2023-10-26

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC IG18590 to A.A.), by “Fondi di Ateneo-University of Pisa” years 2009 and 2010 (E. N., S. N., E. O., and A. R.) and partially by the Unipi project P.R.A.2016_27 (E. N., E.O. and A. R.

• A limitation of the NIA AA recommendations was that

  2023-10-26

  

  A limitation of the 2011 NIA-AA recommendations was that biomarkers were grouped into just two categories—amyloid and tau-related neurodegeneration. Tauopathy and neurodegeneration were placed into the same biomarker category. In persons with only AD, it is reasonable to assume that neurodegeneratio

• br Translational Considerations Targeting the AHR Pathway Mo

  2023-10-26

  

  Translational Considerations Targeting the AHR Pathway Modulating AHR function offers exciting therapeutic potential in host immunity and inflammation. However, the emerging concept of AHR function in a cell type-specific manner, combined with differences between AHR activation in cell culture in

• The disease stimulatory effects of hyperadiponectinemia in p

  2023-10-26

  

  The disease-stimulatory effects of hyperadiponectinemia in patients contradict a previous view based on studies of preclinical models showing that APN might be beneficial for AD [8]. Indeed, despite the action of APN as a risk factor in patients with AD, APN is protective against oxidative stress-in

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