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The present in vitro pharmacological experiments revealed th
2024-03-11
The present in vitro pharmacological experiments revealed that the cholinergic up-regulation of VEGF expression in neurons and astrocytes was mainly mediated by nicotinic AChR and muscarinic AChR, respectively. In addition, neuronal VEGF expression was elevated by endogenous ACh in a manner that was
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Receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is a
2024-03-11
Receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is a member of the TAM (Tyro3/Axl/Mer) family, and has reported been associated with a spectrum of human cancers [8]. Numerous studies have revealed that the oncogenic potential of Axl is attributed to the anti-apoptotic and proliferative signaling pathways triggered by
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For these reasons the role played by autophagy in environmen
2024-03-11
For these reasons, the role played by autophagy in environmental neurotoxicity is not always easily determinable. Indeed, although the neuroprotective role of autophagy has been shown by several studies, sometimes induction of autophagy was associate with deleterious effects (Glick et al., 2010, Sri
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Introduction The first use of the term
2024-03-11
Introduction The first use of the term “autophagy” by a French physiologist, M. Anselmier, in a short article describing the effects of fasting in mice published in 1859, took place almost a century before Christian De Duve described it from a mechanistic point of view in a symposium on lysosomes i
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Thus phosphorylation of p was
2024-03-11
Thus, phosphorylation of p38 was used to measure the intracellular potency of ASK1 inhibitors. In this assay, HEK293/AP-1luc haloperidol haldol expressing human full-length ASK1 were incubated with compound for 18 h and then lysed and the level of phospho-p38 was quantified using the HTRF assay [33]
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Thus a majority of known
2024-03-11
Thus, a majority of known chemical and physico-chemical methods of metallic ions assay has a number of disadvantages, such as a low sensitivity and selectivity, high costs and complexity of the equipment. Therefore, the development of simple cost-effective sensitive methods of quantitative analysis
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To enhance the accuracy of SEs in eliminating
2024-03-11
To enhance the accuracy of SEs in eliminating cancer cells, the mAb recognized by specific DCG IV mg on tumor cells were fused with SEs. Fab C215 or C242 fused with SEA promoted apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells via Fas (Dohlsten et al., 1994, Litton et al., 1996). SEB-incorporated exosomes
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Amyloid fibrils are insoluble high molecular weight non crys
2024-03-11
Amyloid fibrils are insoluble, high-molecular-weight, non-crystalline aggregates and traditional experimental techniques for structure determination such as X-ray and solution NMR cannot resolve their high resolution structures [64], [68]. However, amyloid fibrils exhibit various advantageous featur
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br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives The collective
2024-03-11
Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives The collective evidence from studies detailing the functions of AMPK in the neuromuscular system, combined with those in DMD, SMA, and DM1 surveyed in the present review, strongly suggests that AMPK is a central mediator of neuromuscular determination, m
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encorafenib We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS
2024-03-11
We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence in peri-gonadal AT from db/db mice and controls. CLS are morphological features within AT that are accurate indicators of adipocyte death and macrophage infiltration [56]. An earlier study showed that CLS macrophages account for >90% of the t
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A correlation analysis was performed to investigate
2024-03-08
A correlation analysis was performed to investigate a possible relationship between serum resistin levels and MG-ADL. We observed a significant relationship between serum resistin levels and MG-ADL scores in AChR-GMG-positive cases (r=0.285, p=0.032; Fig. 1C). There were also significant correlation
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The Kelch like ECH associated protein Keap
2024-03-08
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 signaling pathway functions as one of the key regulator of the cellular defense system against oxidative stress [26]. Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, that is sequestered in the cytoplam by binding to Keap1; however, under oxidative
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While the yeasts and see Glossary each contain only one
2024-03-08
While the yeasts and (see Glossary) each contain only one Aurora homolog, Ipl1p (increase in ploidy 1) and Ark1 (Aurora-related kinase 1), respectively 5, 6, , and Xenopus laevis contain two Aurora kinases: Aurora A and Aurora B [4]. Mammals have three Aurora kinases, A, B, and C (Figure 1). In an
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Another contributor for the G M arrest in A
2024-03-08
Another contributor for the G2/M arrest in A549 and H1299 cells might be p21WAF1/CIP1 which was up-regulated upon ovatodiolide treatment. p21WAF1/CIP1 is a common CDKs inhibitor which blocks BMX-IN-1 receptor G2/M phase progression in various types of cancer cells (Kim et al., 2015, Liberio et al.,
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Thiol are reduced by two major redox systems
2024-03-07
Thiol are reduced by two major redox systems, glutathione/glutaredoxin (GRX) and thioredoxin (TRX), which have been extensively studied in plants [13], [14], [15]. Glutathione, a thiol-containing tripeptide, exists in a reduced (GSH) or an oxidized form (GSSG). It has a major role as a redox buffer.
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